Answer analysis of basic first aid skills examination question bank

The first priority is the rescuer's own safety, the second is maintaining the patient's vital signs as the highest priority, and the third operation complies with the "2020 AHA Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Cardiovascular Emergency Care" and domestic pre-hospital first aid standards. The final answers to all controversial questions must be based on this criterion, without exception.

Many candidates still lose points after memorizing a thick pile of knowledge points. Essentially, they have not understood the core and can only memorize fixed options. For example, the most commonly tested CPR operation sequence question, the stem of the question is "I saw someone lying on the street on the way to get off work, and people gathered around him." Many people choose "pat the shoulder and shout to judge consciousness." But if the stem of the question adds "broken wires hanging next to me," then the first correct answer must be to cut off the power first or use a dry wooden stick to separate the wires to confirm that the environment is safe before approaching. Oh, yes, some people have argued before that the AHA guidelines mentioned that if the environmental risk is extremely high, such as a fire scene or a hazardous chemical leakage scene, you should not rush to the rescue. Last year, a provincial first aid exam asked this question. Among the options was "rush into the fire scene and drag people out." Many people chose to lose points directly - after all, they can't even protect themselves, so how can they save others.

When I helped the city Red Cross organize the first aid certificate exam two years ago, I met a candidate who complained that his answer of "call 120 first" was wrong. Later, we adjusted the question and found out that the premise is "you are a trained first aider, there are three passers-by around you, and the scene environment is safe." In this case, the correct answer is The best practice is to arrange for someone else to call 120 and get the AED, and then immediately judge the patient's vital signs and perform CPR yourself. If you are the only one at the scene, for adult patients, call 120 first before rescuing, and for children, do 5 sets of CPR first and then call 120. The scenarios are different, and the answers are very different. If you keep repeating "call 120 first", you will definitely be in trouble.

Oh, by the way, questions about hemostasis are also the hardest hit areas for losing points. Many people have forgotten that "the tourniquet should be tied to 1/3 of the upper arm, and cannot be tied to the forearm and calf." However, the new pre-hospital first aid regulations issued last year specifically added that if there is an open trauma on the upper arm that cannot be banded, a tourniquet can be temporarily used on the forearm. Just mark the bandaging time and do not loosen it more than once an hour. The last time we had an emergency nurse take the exam, she answered this question. At first, the system judged it wrong. Later, we asked an expert group to change the scoring criteria. After all, the old knowledge points have been updated, and we cannot use the question bank from ten years ago as the standard answer. Also, does the tourniquet need padding? The standard answer is definitely yes, but if the question is "While mountaineering in the wild, a teammate's femoral artery was cut by a branch, and there is only a climbing rope on the body and no other dressings", then the correct answer must be to tie it directly. You can't just look for pads and watch your teammates bleed and go into shock, right?

To tell you an interesting thing, during the operation test last month, a little girl performed the Heimlich on a simulator while standing on the side. She was deducted points by the judges. She also said that the video she watched online was the side position, but the judge stood directly behind her to demonstrate, saying that you can't use force when standing on the side. If you meet a 200-pound strong man, you can't press it at all. The standard position of the Heimlich is behind the patient, with both legs lunging and holding the patient's legs. This must not be wrong. Oh, yes, and for patients in the third trimester of pregnancy, if abdominal thrusts cannot press the diaphragm, chest thrusts must be used instead. If the patient has fallen to the ground consciously, don't pat the back and just do CPR. Foreign objects will naturally be flushed out during compressions. This is also a common pitfall in exams.

Oh yes, there are also questions about burns and scalds, which appear in almost every exam. The incorrect options of applying toothpaste, applying soy sauce, and soaking in ice water are definitely wrong, but many people are confused about whether to pop the blisters. Here are the scenarios: If it is a question about in-hospital treatment, large blisters can be drained at a low level, but for questions about pre-hospital first aid, the unified answer is not to pop it yourself to avoid infection, and don't get confused. For those who are burned by acids and alkalis, the first step must be to rinse the burns with plenty of running water for more than 15 minutes. Don’t even think about finding a neutralizer. By the time you find a neutralizer, your skin will be burned through.

Actually, to be honest, no matter how the question bank of the first aid examination changes, the core is "saving people first". In reality, is there any standard answer? Last year, a courier rescued an old man who suffered a cardiac arrest on the roadside. When performing CPR, the compression depth was 1 centimeter deeper than the standard, and two ribs were broken. In the end, not only was he not held accountable, but he also received a bravery award, right? During the exam, you must follow the standard answers. When it comes time to save people, as long as you comply with the three core principles and can save people, it is correct.