How much do you know about menstruation?

　　menstruation and every female They are all closely related. Female friends have given it many joking names, such as "aunt", "good thing", "unlucky", "old friend"... Although the menstrual period for a few days every month makes many women anxious, uneasy and irritable, it is really a good friend of women because it is a witness to women's youth.

　　menarche age

　　Menarche in girls is a sign that the ovaries have begun to function. The average age of menarche for girls is 13 years old. The age of menarche has a certain relationship with nutrition, genetics and region. As long as it is between 12 and 15 years old, it is normal.

　　If a woman’s age of menarche is less than 11 years old, and her pubic hair appears early when she is 8 or 9 years old, then she will have polycystic ovary It is more likely to start in adolescence, with irregular menstrual cycles and oligomenorrhea. It is difficult to get pregnant in adulthood and it is easy to get pregnant in middle age. Hyperlipidemia , hyperglycemia and other metabolic disease。

　　If a woman does not have menarche by the age of 16, it may be due to the ovaries. Uterus If there is no menstruation, it may be due to congenital absence of uterus, congenital ovarian insufficiency, congenital absence of vagina, or hymenal atresia. In addition to hymenal atresia, other factors will undoubtedly lead to difficulties in pregnancy in adulthood. Even hymenal atresia, if not discovered and treated in time, will accumulate more menstrual blood and cervical mucus, gradually spreading into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and even the abdominal cavity. Once these menstrual blood enters the uterus, it is difficult to get pregnant, and once it enters the fallopian tube, fertility is almost lost. Therefore, girls who have not yet menstruated after the age of 16 must go as early as possible. Hospital Check the diagnosis.

　　menstrual cycle

　　Under normal circumstances, women's menstruation is regular and cyclical. The average menstrual cycle range of women is 28 days, and cycles between 21 and 35 days are considered normal.

　　If your menstrual cycle is irregular, then you must pay attention, because it indicates that your fertility is also reduced. Of course, if a girl has irregular menstruation during menarche, there is no need to worry too much, because the ovarian function is not perfect at this time. Generally, this problem will be solved naturally within one year, or at most two years. ； But if your menstrual cycle is irregular by the age of 18, you should be vigilant. If it is still irregular by the age of 20, you must see a doctor. Because, the vast majority of primary Infertility Most of the patients have irregular menstruation in adulthood.

　　Even with regular menstruation, if the menstrual cycle is outside the range of 21 to 35 days, it will affect pregnancy.

　　If the menstrual cycle is less than 21 days, it is often accompanied by insufficient luteal function. In most cases, there will be premature luteal recession, resulting in a shortened menstrual cycle caused by a significant shortening of the luteal phase. For a small number of people who ovulate normally, it certainly does not affect pregnancy. ； However, for most women with shorter cycles, either the eggs do not develop well, resulting in insufficient luteal function, or premature luteal failure, which easily causes miscarriage and thus affects pregnancy.

　　For menstrual cycles longer than 35 days, many people think that as long as there is ovulation, it will not affect pregnancy. In fact, it does. First, because the egg develops slowly, it is not easy to grow into a full, high-quality egg with good sound transmission.； Second, after the egg is discharged, it often continues the previous slow development speed. Then the fertilized egg may make errors in subsequent mitosis, resulting in chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo, resulting in miscarriage.

　　If a woman's menstrual cycle changes, becomes longer or shorter, although it is still relatively regular, it still needs attention. This may indicate that the ovarian reserve function is declining and infertility is prone to occur.

　　menstrual time

　　Women's menstrual period is actually due to the degeneration of the corpus luteum, which causes the estrogen and progesterone in the body to decrease rapidly, which is not enough to support the continued proliferation of the endometrium, and the endometrium necrosis and peeling off, resulting in menstruation. A woman’s normal menstrual cycle lasts from 3 to 7 days. If a woman’s menstrual cycle does not fall within this range, she should be wary of diseases and infertility.

　　If the menstrual period is less than 3 days, it may be due to insufficient estrogen, poor follicular development, poor uterine development, or the endometrium is too thin, and you want to conceive. fetus Naturally it is also more difficult.

　　If your period lasts for more than 7 days, it means that your period is too long. At this time, you need to be careful that it may be caused by diseases, such as insufficient estrogen secretion, incomplete luteal atrophy, insufficient luteal function, and pelvic inflammatory disease disease, endometrial polyps, endometritis, endometriosis, etc. can all cause Menorrhagia and prolonged menstruation. In addition, incomplete luteal atrophy and delayed endometrial repair can extend the menstrual period to more than 10 days. And all of these can affect conception. Women must pay attention to prolonged and shortened menstrual periods. Once you find any abnormal menstrual periods, please go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.

　　menstrual flow

　　Menstruation is bleeding caused by the damaged surface of the shed endometrium. The normal menstrual volume is between 30 and 100 ml, with an average of about 70 ml. Menstrual flow can actually tell the thickness of a person's endometrium from the side. The thickness of the endometrium is a necessary condition for the implantation of a fertilized egg. Female pregnancy generally requires the thickness of the endometrium to be at least 8 mm. Because the embryo attaches to the endometrium, the endometrium contains rich blood vessels that can provide nutrients to the embryo after implantation until the placenta is established. If the endometrium is too thin and less than 6mm, it will be difficult to get pregnant because it is difficult for the embryo to attach, and it is difficult for the endometrium to supply nutrients to the embryo until the placenta is established. If the endometrium is too thick, exceeding 19mm, it is often caused by excessive endometrial hyperplasia or adenomyosis caused by high estrogen or inflammation, and these are undoubtedly not conducive to pregnancy.

　　Dysmenorrhea

　　Dysmenorrhea is divided into two types: primary and secondary. If no obvious abnormality in the pelvic organs is found after detailed gynecological clinical examination, and it occurs soon after menarche, it is called primary dysmenorrhea. If there are abnormalities and obvious lesions in the reproductive organs, there will be no dysmenorrhea during menarche, but dysmenorrhea will appear again after several years of menstruation, which is secondary dysmenorrhea.

　　Primary dysmenorrhea generally does not affect fertility, and the dysmenorrhea will reduce or disappear after sexual intercourse and childbirth.

　　Secondary dysmenorrhea generally affects fertility due to abnormalities and lesions in the reproductive organs. Endometriosis, chocolate cysts, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, etc. can all cause secondary dysmenorrhea. They may lead to infertility, among which adenomyosis and endometriosis are the most common.

　　amenorrhea

　　If a woman is over 18 weeks old and has not yet had menstruation, or if menstruation has stopped for more than 3 months after menstruation, it is called amenorrhea. Those who have never had menstruation are called primary amenorrhea, and those who have stopped menstruating for more than 3 months are called secondary amenorrhea. Whether it is primary amenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea, amenorrhea is definitely infertile. Because there is no menstruation, there is almost certainly no ovulation. Without the release of eggs, it is naturally impossible to conceive.

　　In fact, menstruation is really a good friend of women. Although it may make you painful and distressed, if you pay attention to observation, you will see every detail of your menstruation as a barometer of your fertility. Through menstruation, if abnormalities can be detected in time and treated in time, you can avoid searching everywhere on the road to pregnancy in the future.