Endometrial cancer risk factors

High-risk factors for endometrial cancer mainly include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, and long-term anovulatory menstruation. Endometrial cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, and its occurrence is related to many factors.

1. Obesity

Obesity is an important risk factor for endometrial cancer. Fat tissue can produce too much estrogen, and long-term stimulation of the endometrium may lead to cancer. Aromatase secreted by fat cells in obese patients can convert androgens into estrogen, increasing the risk of endometrial cancer. It is recommended to control your weight within the normal range and maintain a healthy weight through a reasonable diet and moderate exercise.

2. Diabetes

People with diabetes are at higher risk of developing endometrial cancer. A hyperglycemic state may lead to insulin resistance and stimulate abnormal proliferation of endometrial cells. Diabetes and obesity often coexist, and the two work together to further increase the risk. It is recommended that diabetic patients undergo regular gynecological examinations and strictly control blood sugar levels.

3. High blood pressure

The incidence of endometrial cancer is significantly increased in patients with hypertension. Hypertension may increase the risk of cancer by affecting vascular endothelial function and promoting inflammatory responses. Long-term hypertension can also lead to metabolic disorders, which together with obesity and diabetes constitute metabolic syndrome. It is recommended that patients with hypertension monitor their blood pressure regularly and follow doctor's advice for standardized treatment.

4. Polycystic ovary syndrome

In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, due to long-term anovulation, the endometrium is continuously stimulated by estrogen and lacks progesterone resistance, and is prone to hyperplasia and even cancer. Such patients are often accompanied by insulin resistance and obesity, further increasing the risk. It is recommended that patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergo regular endometrial monitoring and receive drug treatment if necessary.

5. Long-term anovulatory menstruation

Long-term anovulatory menstruation causes the endometrium to be continuously stimulated by estrogen and lacks conversion of progesterone, which may cause endometrial hyperplasia or even cancer. It is common in adolescent, perimenopausal women and those with polycystic ovary syndrome. It is recommended that when menstrual disorders occur, you should seek medical treatment promptly and receive hormone therapy if necessary.

For women with the above-mentioned high-risk factors, it is recommended to undergo regular gynecological examinations, including pelvic ultrasound and endometrial biopsy. Maintain a healthy lifestyle, control your weight, exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, and avoid high-fat and high-sugar diets. If symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding occur, you should seek medical treatment promptly. Postmenopausal women should be more vigilant if they experience vaginal bleeding and seek medical attention as soon as possible to check for endometrial lesions.